Last Friday was an AMAZING day to be alive (Olympics? What Olympics?); after two years of restoration, the most complete copy of Fritz Lang's 1927 science fiction masterpiece
Metropolis had its premiere screening in Berlin.
Metropolis is one of my favourite films of all time, but over a quarter of it was hacked off by editors and censors shortly after its premiere and lost, assumed gone forever, leaving the remaining film with a few nonsensical plot holes and untied threads. The best version assembled to date (which, yes, I own on DVD) inserted title cards explaining what was missing, but a complete copy was found in Buenos Aires in 2008; only one of the missing scenes was too damaged to be repaired, putting
Metropolis back into as complete a form as humanly possible, and damn near close to the original.
Watching the people of Berlin watch this film over a live streaming feed, I was fully aware that I'm one of the only people I know who was super thrilled about this. Most of my friends put up with my devotion to the silent era of film history the same way people will put up with their dog excitedly slobbering all over their shoes when they come home; those who do love silent film are few and far between, I find, and many many more simply write them off as boring and unwatchable.
There's a reason I have the passion for silent films that I do. Movies have been around for only about 115 years or so, but they were the kick-start of the entire 20th century technology boom. Silent film was necessary due to the constraints of technology, but a movie--a visual story told on film--was a brand new medium and filmmakers embraced it by creating an entirely new storytelling language using a camera. The high days of the silent era--the 1920's, mostly--is where the best comedies of Chaplin, Lloyd and Keaton were made, where the original monster movies were born, and where German Expressionism utterly trumped anything Hollywood could offer and provided a basis for everything from
The Matrix to film noir. It's an essential part of our history and the films still stand up today as brilliant pieces of cinema.
The thing is, you don't need to be a high-falutin' film scholar in order to enjoy silent movies, and I completely understand why most people my age don't get them: we're used to the movies we know, which use a completely different visual language. It's not just the inclusion of sound; with sound came the need to redefine the language of filmmaking, the acting methods, and the way stories were told. I think people go into silent films with the wrong mindset and miss out on something truly fascinating as a result. And so, here are my tips for how to watch a silent movie, in hope that it might inspire some of you to give them a try:
Tips To Remember for the First-Time Silent Film Viewer1. The Difference in Time PeriodsLike I said, with the wrong (read: 21st-century, Michael-Bay-esque) mindset, silent film seems antiquated. Remember that films from this era were some of the earliest of their kind, and the special effects may seem primitive right now (though some still look spectacular today) but at the time they were revolutionary. You are watching the birth of some tropes that have become standard for us today. Respect it. This is especially true of the very early silent films of the 1900's and 1910's, which seem clunky and badly paced but were really experiments in the spectacle of
seeing this stuff in a movie theatre.
2. No Dialogue = Expressive ActingEvery silent film parody I've ever seen has made use of this fact: the actors in silent movies seem to be exaggerated, over the top, and silly to our modern eyes. But this is an essential part of the filmmaking language of the silent era and is also reminiscent of theatre; with no dialogue, movements needed to be larger than life in order to come across onscreen. Smiles will be big, frowns will be big, changes in expression and emotion will be marked by a closeup of the actor as he or she contorts their face. But it's never as bad as the parodies would have it seem, and in most films the acting is very good; the large expressions fit well with the hyper-stylized sets and stories.
Metropolis has some really hammy moments, but if you give yourself over to the moment and the situation, you'll lose yourself in the characters and feel what they feel. The best silent film actors were expressive, in one way or another, acting with their bodies and faces and often coming across as more imaginative and appealing than a lot of the going-through-the-motions bland stuff we see today. Jennifer Aniston, I'm looking at you.
3. Spectacle, Spectacle, Spectacle.I touched on this briefly in point #1, but it merits more explanation. Silent films, being pretty new, were very tied in with the simple spectacle of what was on the screen. An excellent example comes from
Metropolis, where the shift change in the workers' city is shown from several different angles, and the shots are repeated a few times--not exact, but similar. It seems overly obvious; a modern filmgoer will see the first few shots of hundreds of men walking in tandem and understand the concept immediately. But the mere ability to show these sorts of things on film was a large part of the language of silent movies, and thus many of them have visuals that seem to hang on a beat too long to our modern sensibilities. We've become accustomed to insanely fast editing in film and television, but it wasn't always that way; silent films linger on their visuals because it was rare and difficult to accomplish many of the more impressive shots, so the filmmakers got the most out of them that they could.
4. Yes, the Title Cards Are SillyOh, you betcha they're silly. But remember, silent films needed to convey that information quickly and easily, which often meant a distinct lack of subtlety in them; combine this with 1920's cultural norms and some of the title cards are downright hilarious in their silliness. If the cards are translations from another language, it's often even weirder, so bear with it. The cards convey the basic information you need to know that can't possibly be expressed visually--backstory, essential plot-related dialogue, etc--leaving the rest of the story to be told in a completely visual manner. The leanness of the title cards meant that the actors and filmmakers had to make sure the story came across clearly, and they accomplish it beautifully most of the time.
5. Racism.Yup. Sucks to admit it, but the 1920's were a pretty racist time, especially in the United States, and seeing downright offensive stereotypes of money-grubbing Jews or "magical Negros" wasn't uncommon. One of the most influential films of all time, D.W. Griffith's
Birth of a Nation, is also one of the most racist, fully supportive of the Ku Klux Klan's actions and portraying African-Americans (played by white actors in blackface) as the worst types of rapists and savages. It's not something you have to agree with in order to be amazed by the filmmaking prowess, and while it's uncomfortable, it's a simple fact of the era.
6. That Weird Pacing ThingSilent film actors often look as if they're moving slightly faster than normal people, and it can make the entire film look downright weird. This is due to silent films being shot at a different frame-per-second rate than modern films; 24 frames per second is the standard now, but at the time the frame rate was pretty ambiguous, with films being shot anywhere from 16 to 23 FPS, and then hand-cranked when it came time to project them. Modern projectors will speed them up to 24 FPS, making the films look as if they're moving faster than they should. It takes some getting used to, but it's all part of the charm, and the frame rate of most of the really great silents isn't that distracting.
7. Darkness and/or Downright DegradationI'm not referring here to the film's content, but rather the actual movie itself. Silent films were shot on nitrate film, which breaks down over time and is also extremely flammable. Most were made over 90 years ago at this point, and even the best DVD restorations cannot take out some of the darkness inherent in the degraded film reels.
The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari is a good example; at times you can just barely see the picture in the center of the screen, with the rest having gone dark around the edges. I think it's all part of the charm, but I'm an old-fashioned girl.
And above all, if nothing else, remember:
Silent Film is a Different Cinematic Language.So yes! With these tips and tricks in your brain, go forth and find yourself a good old silent film to enjoy. And, if you find yourself converted, drop me a line and let me know.